Have a question or comment about newel post installation? In conclusion, we hope that the intrigued minds who are searching for an easy process to install box newel posts in their houses; these steps can be much helpful. All Rights are Reserved. Set stair newel post in place with the mark facing up the stairs and mark the tangent line of the stair tread nosings. One is to use a newel post fastener, which is a threaded metal plate that you screw into the floor. This information will be helpful though in identifying if the professionals we hire for the installation are doing a good job though. The first method to install newel posts is to use a newel mounting plate. The post is placed over the hanger bolt, which goes through the hole. From the 1-1/2 access hole, insert the curved washer and nut. If you want to help support Shannon to produce more videos like this, visit https://www.house-improvements.com/donateAmazon affiliate links to the ZipBolt:USA: https://amzn.to/3dZiQFkCanada: https://amzn.to/3uFXtP4Amazon links to 1-1/2\" Forstner Drill Bit:USA: https://amzn.to/3b3cDGoCanada: https://amzn.to/3uM79YyShannon from House-Improvements.com shows you how to install a newel post. The head of the lag is placed into the keyhole, then the post is tapped with a hammer and piece of wood (to protect the post) into place. Keep up on our always evolving product features and technology. Torque down hard using the 3/4 box end wrench. From Drab to Fab: Transform Your Fort Collins Home with These Creative Remodeling Ideas. The first step of any newel post installation is determining the height of the posts. Finally, the plate is then covered with moulding which is simply mitered and nailed into place. First of all, you will need a drill. Im going to assume that the posts have been cut to length, that their location has already been determined and laid out and you are now ready to install your newel posts using one of the following four methods. for pricing and availability. From 1-1/2 access hole, insert curved washed and nut. Create an access hole on the side of the newel with the 1-1/2 drill bit, then drill a 5/8 hole up from the bottom. Next, you have to sue the drill machine to pin the box newel post to the mounting box. Now, there are a variety of measurements here that I am purposely omitting because it isnt necessary for this post. Notched Post Measure from the top of the lower stair to the bottom of the board. But each process has its own way to accomplish. Fill any hollow voids at the newel base with solid blocking and nail or glue into place. The following example is using a box newel post and 2 6701 large traditional handrail with a finished stair handrail height of 37 and the post sitting atop the shoe: 34.875 + (2.125 2) + (6 2) + 1.25 = 40.1875 or 40 3/16 to the Top of the Block (Bottom of Post Cap). Bolt and glue newel to the staircase frame. In addition, you should also check whether there are any railings on the stairs or not. As the lag bolt slides down the tapered slot in the Keylock plate the post will tighten. Stair spindles -The spindles that you choose for your staircase can have a huge impact on the overall look of your home. Find My Store. Can You Claim Home Improvements on Your Income Tax Return? Keep in mind that this guide offers general instructions, so use your own judgment regarding measurements, angles, and tool choices. The post will get attached to the box, and some glue will be accumulated at the foot of the mounting box. Glue the hole, tap in the plug and sand flat. You have to insert the rod inside of that additional wooden piece so that it can hold the rod and the entire post securely without making it wobble. Cost for Refinishing Hardwood Stairs & Stair Railings. Typically floor level balustrades must be at least 36 high or 42 high, depending on local codes and stair guardrails must be between 34 and 38. 216.137.177.227 Wood Stairs Installation Newel Post Height. Another way to install newel posts is theangle bracket newel post fastenerinstallation method. To create a temporary head bolt, you can use two nuts. It doesn't have to be perfect, since the finished newel post will slide over the top of the 44 and cover where the 44 and the tread meet. Your email address will not be published. It's important to drill the 1-1/2 hole first, as the lag must be installed into solid bracing. With your drills and screws, secure the post to the floor. 6. Honestly, thats what encounters most of the homeowners, and maybe you are also a victim of it. How to measure for the height, transfer the staircase angle to the posts and cut them. Next, we look at theoptions to install newel posts where the bottom of the post is not moulded. Place the notched post in place and plumb it. The height is important and careful measuring make it all work out. So stay tuned . They use a ready rod that makes the attachment easier to handle. This height depends on the standard handrail height for your balustrade which is based on the building codes for your area. Some over-the-post installations require you to cut the top of the post at the same angle as the stairway. Newel Post Heights at the start of the stair are calculated as follows. This height depends on the standard handrail height for your balustrade which is based on the building codes for your area. If they are leaning away from each other slightly (they're not always perfectly upright) then the handrail will need to be slightly longer than the base rail. 5. Proper use of the level will help you make sure the post is as vertical as you can get it. Thus the box newel post can easily be installed. Stress the post in all directions and re-tighten with torque. The method is elaborated below. Learn how your comment data is processed. In this case, you have to make sure that there is no wall between the stairs. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. Recent Newel Projects The advantages of this method is in its simplicity. Drill three, 3/16inch countersank holes for lag bolts through the post and into the stair stringer. Floor level newel post heights are calculated to place the stair handrail in the center of the top block using the following formula:Post Height = Bottom of Rail Height + (Rail 2) + (Top Block 2) + Cap Mold (If applicable). This guide gives general instructions so please use your own discretion as far as measurements, angles and tool choice. Stress the post in all directions and re-tighten with torque. This method adds a little more strength than the hanger bolt with steel insert but doesnt require moulding. Drill a 1-inch hole just past the center of the post and set the post on the anchor bolt. Once glued and screwed together all that is needed is to use a simple formula to calculate how many spindles are required and then cut them all to length. But if you are using this type of posts, you will be able to accomplish the task easier. And "any beams we could expose, we did," says Leonard. A lag is then predrilled and threaded into the post with the head sticking out. Architects often place the main stairway of a home near the main entrance so it can be seen. Stair Part Powder Coated Finish Information, No thanks! For this reason today, we will suggest a technique on how to install a box newel post, this will be much beneficial for the woodwork lover. Always put a generous amount of PVA wood glue on all the joints and then assemble everything together. 78 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 81 /H [ 1366 665 ] /L 397542 /E 98689 /N 18 /T 395864 >> endobj xref 78 39 0000000016 00000 n 0000001128 00000 n 0000001219 00000 n 0000002031 00000 n 0000002242 00000 n 0000002474 00000 n 0000002719 00000 n 0000002955 00000 n 0000003202 00000 n 0000004431 00000 n 0000005650 00000 n 0000006874 00000 n 0000006896 00000 n 0000008442 00000 n 0000008464 00000 n 0000009942 00000 n 0000009964 00000 n 0000010039 00000 n 0000010149 00000 n 0000011462 00000 n 0000011484 00000 n 0000012876 00000 n 0000012898 00000 n 0000014488 00000 n 0000014511 00000 n 0000014620 00000 n 0000015874 00000 n 0000015897 00000 n 0000017017 00000 n 0000017040 00000 n 0000017118 00000 n 0000030156 00000 n 0000030235 00000 n 0000043277 00000 n 0000044279 00000 n 0000058197 00000 n 0000059349 00000 n 0000001366 00000 n 0000002009 00000 n trailer << /Size 117 /Info 77 0 R /Root 79 0 R /Prev 395854 /ID[<7372d10762a7f693d61ddb7076f0b4ed>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 79 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 74 0 R /Metadata 70 0 R /AcroForm 80 0 R >> endobj 80 0 obj << /Fields [ ] /DR << /Font << /ZaDb 67 0 R /Helv 68 0 R >> /Encoding << /PDFDocEncoding 69 0 R >> >> /DA (/Helv 0 Tf 0 g ) >> endobj 115 0 obj << /S 485 /V 614 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 116 0 R >> stream How Do You Build a Pergola Attached to the House? Locate the center of where your newel post will be installed on the floor, and pre-drill all holes (Figure A). If there are any questions or doubt in regards to the element of a project, please consult with a licensed professional. Step 2: Take the insert runner and install the insert at the point One more thing, our installers always used two hanger bolts for each newel post, at opposing corners and we always concealed the plug sides of the post in the least visible area. What Are Countertop Remnants and How Can You Use Them? Attach the post to the stair framing using 5/16inch carriage bolts. First of all, make sure that your posts are installed firmly in the ground. You have to insert the rod inside of that additional wooden piece so that it can hold the rod and the entire post securely without making it wobble. You can unsubscribe at any time. While this method of newel post installation does require a plugged hole, the strength and durability it provides makes it well worth it in my mind. Atlas Stair Parts. Copyright 2023 WoodStairs.com - Stair Parts & Supplies. Then, you take a drill machine and anchor the mounting box to the ground. Stair replacement costs depend on the number of steps and surface area. But sometimes installing a box newel post can create confusion in the minds of the users. Model # 419156ETOAK. The total procedure is much easy to follow and does not require tedious labor. A third scenario is installing newel posts with winder treads but this is a little more complicated so I will address this in a future post. For this installation Shannon uses a Zipbolt fastener. Have a nice day!! Through the Tread Post Measure from the top of the previously installed blocking (which is beneath the stair tread) up to the bottom of the board. if newel post does NOT sit on top of shoe. = Rake-to-rake newel length (TOP MOUNT SYSTEM) Tale or drop down length Rake-to-rake newel length (HALF LAP SYSTEM) 5. Your personal data will be used to support your experience throughout this website, to manage access to your account, and for other purposes described in our privacy policy. How to Get Conch out of Shell without Breaking. After the mounting box is firmly placed on the ground, you use a bolt through the center of the mounting box to make it more robust. Always make sure you have appropriate backing on the floor itself and that you are aware of and avoid any electrical wires, plumbing, etc. Cut the newel off with a miter saw and make any necessary notches. This will give you a point of reference to measure from. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. Cut inside the line to leave more material to remove, then use a sharp chisel and/or plane to finish removing the wood. Lay a straight board on the stairs so it rests on the noses of the stair treads. Because tools, products, materials, equipment, techniques, building codes and local regulations are constantly changing, SKS Media cannot and does not assume any responsibility or liability for the accuracy of the information contained therein. SKS Media conducts all matters in accordance with the laws of Saskatchewan, Canada. Many ways can be followed for installing this instrument. When you're satisfied with final placement of a newel, apply construction adhesive to the wooden mounting block and fasten it with four washer-head screws down into the floor framing. How to Build Stairs The Newel Posts - YouTube 0:00 / 3:01 How to Build Stairs The Newel Posts Basic Stairbuilding 6.14K subscribers Subscribe 446 Share Save 278K views 7 years ago How to. Write "rail" on one side of the template and "fitting" on the other side. If its right, the line on the post will follow the same angle as the board. The information contained in the videos is intended to give general guidance to simplify DIY (do it yourself) projects. Torque down hard using the 3/4 box end wrench. Locate the center of where your newel post will be installed on the floor and pre-drill all the necessary holes (Figure A). But first, lets looks at another method of using mouldings. While this isnt necessary it adds some piece of mind that your newel, perhaps the most important structural feature of your balustrade, is completely secure. Determine Number of Balusters Needed %PDF-1.4 % I have not yet removed the tread on the 1st step but I expect it to look similar. There are a couple of ways this can be achieved. Plug the holes with matching wooden plugs and wood glue. **Remember if you are using a turned newel post or a box newel post without cap molding then this measurement will not be part of the formula. Then attach one angle bracket to each side, taking care that the angle bracket does not extend below the bottom of the post. Important: When drilling post, drill 1-1/2 hole first. With patience and attention to detail, you can build your own finely crafted staircase yourself. Read down the vertical leg from the top of the square to the board to find the rise and across the horizontal leg to the board to find the run. This acts as an excellent buttress for the staircase. Step 3 Place post over lag. You now have your starting newel. Then you have to screw it into the place underneath. From 1-1/2 access hole, insert curved washed and nut. Find My Store. for pricing and availability. You can clear it off with a piece of paper or cloth. Test and adjust the fit until it is perfect. Use the 3/4 box end wrench to torque down the nut securely. Check the post for plumb throughout the Newel Post installation. A box newel post can easily be installed in your house as an attachment to the stairs. Lay a straight board on the stairs. Next place the post in position with the attached angle brackets, predrill and screw these into the subfloor (again be sure that you have adequate backing in the floor and that there is no risk of hitting electrical or plumbing lines). Finally, a little glue is added around the steel insert, the hanger bolt is inserted into the insert and the post is threaded down tight. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. To verify you did it right, just hold the newel post plumb against the board laying on the stairs. But do you know there are some simple techniques for solving this wobbly situation, and you can accomplish that easily without any second hands? Mark the notch on the side of the post, then cut it with a sharp saw. Tighten the nut with an open-end wrench. Now you have to take the construction grade glue and apply it in around the outline drawn on the ground. My wife think the staircase in our home could really benefit from the look and function of a balustrade railing. 5.5-in x 56-in Unfinished Red Oak Stair Newel Post. The starting newel will sit on top of the 1st step and a second newel will be on the landing. Install Newel Post You will place the newel post at each of the landings by the use of your level. When I framed everything out down here, I cut out about 3 feet of wall so that there would be more space coming down into the landing area, because I did this it required me to install some handrail and a newel post.It turned out great!Tools/Materials:- zip bolts used for railing: https://amzn.to/3jEdphD- Ballusters: https://amzn.to/3AoxdeN- Balluster shoes - Angled: https://amzn.to/3dFtDTY- Balluster shoes - Flat: https://amzn.to/2SKZJqd- 90 degree handrail turn: https://amzn.to/3zcty2EMy Filming gear:- Canon G7x Mk iii: https://amzn.to/2ZZDzDU- GoPro Hero 8: https://amzn.to/3Fj693h- Mini Tripod: https://amzn.to/3ldCVL5- Large Tripod: https://amzn.to/3iAQHFI For this again, you have to use the construction grade glue around the mounting box and then slide the post above the mounting box. l@3I\);agsV[]{Wk/io}zW:_ Another method is the keylock newel post fastening system. I just want to Add the item to my cart. You can save the woodworkers expenditure too. *By completing this, you are signing up to receive our emails. Finally, apply construction adhesive to the access hole, tap in the plug, and sand it flat for a seamless finish. Drill a 1/16-inch diameter hole. The finished floor is drilled to accept the steel insert where the center of the newel post will be. After you draw a line on the ground, you take a mounting box and place it on the line. Now you have to take the mounting block and place it in the ground you want to install the post. 5.3125-in x 56-in Natural Unfinished Red Oak Stair Newel Post. A 1 hole is drilled into the side of the post that intersects a hole that is drilled up from the bottom of the post. Below are some pictures of the existing stairway, including one of the tread on the 2nd step removed. Either take the post down into the void and notch and screw/bolt it to the joist if near, or add 4x2 or 6x2 noggins between the joists and sit the post on that once notched and housed to fit the bullnose tread. Step 1 - Cutting and Preparing the Newel Post: First, cut your newel post to the desired length. Using the following formula will center the stair handrail in the top block. To fit the bottom tread on the newel post base, position the newly cut tread in place. Cut the notch in the post bottom to fit into the notch on the front of the stair treadleave this step out for through-the-tread posts. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. Shop Box Newel Posts or Shop Turned Newel Posts. Thanks for the tips! Your IP: Make sure that the newel is plumb. Model # AC222080SB. Well, the experts can easily solve this annoying problem, but for that, you have to spend some additional money. Step 2 - Screw the lag bolt into the floor. Find My Store. Then it would be best if you had some basic skills to do so. A low railing on the staircase was raised to bring it up to code, but they saved the beautiful newel post and the original fireplace. Measure between the 37 mark on the bottom block and the tangent line and cut that amount X off the bottom of the post. 10. The insert is then installed, this can be done with an insert-runner or with an open end wrench and two nuts. Hb```f`` c`c`oed@ AV(G 2[@kR.\toTyJbdl"/[py*O rc$LS=*xK`Ysxym}vp/OjqsKqk1ypa!l2z0YJ8QZl^q?T]*">[pLq@+3y Measure down from the mark for the top of the rail 37 and mark the post again. Figure where the top of the handrail will be, you can do this by placing a piece of the handrail on the stair tread nosings then plumbing up to get the thickness of the handrail on the pitch. Two different methods of installing the posts. All Rights are Reserved! Attach the post to the stair framing using 5/16-inch carriage bolts. During the tread and riser installation, the tread nosings were notched for the newels. Drill a hole into the bottom of the newel post to accommodate the anchor bolt threads. Screw the lag bolt into the floor, ensuring its secured into solid bracing. Opt out anytime. If your newel post does not have this then there is no real rule, the handrail simply terminates somewhere near the top of the newel post. The following example is assuming a 37 high stair rail. The hanger bolt is then threaded into a predrilled hole in the center of the post. We look at how to cut to fit, how to fasten them, and how to make them sock solid. You have to mark the center of the box. Detailed installation information for this and all of the other methods come with the hardware and is available on our website. This hole will be used to mark the location of the rail bolt. How To Install A Newel Post HouseImprovements 867K subscribers Subscribe 3K 166K views 1 year ago Basements If you want to help support Shannon to produce more videos like this, visit. In this method, a steel plate with a keyhole is recessed into the finished floor and attached with screws. Lets show you the exact ways. The first method to install newel posts is to use a newel mounting plate. Your email address will not be published. In the other scenarios, when there is some type of visual top block the calculation is fairly simple. Calculating the newel post height is the first step in newel post installation. Finally, miter the moulding around the bottom of the post to cover the angle brackets. 3-1/8 in. Copyright 2023 WoodStairs.com - Stair Parts & Supplies. Installing a wood newel post can be an essential part of your staircase remodeling project, providing stability and support to your railing system. Mounting the post through the floor is by far the strongest most durable and probably the best method but the difficulty is such that it is rarely (if ever) required. Basically though, in this method, a single hanger bolt is threaded into the floor (with appropriate backing). Draw the cut line using the square as a guide. In this case, you have to make sure that there is no wall between the stairs. Cut the post on a miter saw to the exact angle. If you are using box newels then there may or may not be a space that is visually defined by a molding as the top block. When you install your newel post, StairSupplies recommends that you clamp a level to both sides of the newel to make sure that it is installed plumb. 353 Greens Landing Drive, Houston, Texas, United States, Drill & Drill Bits (3/8 , 5/8 , 1-1/2). Drill three, 3/16-inch countersank holes for lag bolts through the post and into the stair stringer. No matter which one you choose, you have to accomplish it properly. Once marked, cut the handrail to length (leave it a few millimetres too long). 6. Lag must be installed into solid bracing. >>MqWm+++3vws3gzYp5}wp.qwV{@Z 1! }kYeL_xP!F#C8F/ +f,Y3a`p)>97wf`m Nml! q endstream endobj 116 0 obj 549 endobj 81 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 72 0 R /Resources 82 0 R /Contents [ 90 0 R 92 0 R 96 0 R 98 0 R 100 0 R 103 0 R 105 0 R 113 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 82 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB ] /Font << /F1 86 0 R /F2 95 0 R /F3 102 0 R /F4 87 0 R /F11 88 0 R >> /XObject << /Im43 114 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 109 0 R /GS2 107 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs9 94 0 R >> >> endobj 83 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 694 /CapHeight 662 /Descent -213 /Flags 98 /FontBBox [ -191 -216 1031 868 ] /FontName /TimesNewRomanPS-Italic /ItalicAngle -17 /StemV 81 /XHeight 442 /StemH 81 /FontFile3 112 0 R >> endobj 84 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 694 /CapHeight 662 /Descent -213 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -167 -216 1009 878 ] /FontName /TimesNewRomanPS /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 81 /XHeight 447 /StemH 81 /FontFile3 110 0 R >> endobj 85 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 677 /CapHeight 662 /Descent -213 /Flags 262178 /FontBBox [ -180 -225 1008 889 ] /FontName /TimesNewRomanPS-Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 137 /XHeight 456 /StemH 137 /FontFile3 108 0 R >> endobj 86 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Widths [ 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 333 555 500 500 1000 833 278 333 333 500 570 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 333 333 570 570 570 500 930 722 667 722 722 667 611 778 778 389 500 778 667 944 722 778 611 778 722 556 667 722 722 1000 722 722 667 333 278 333 581 500 333 500 556 444 556 444 333 500 556 278 333 556 278 833 556 500 556 556 444 389 333 556 500 722 500 500 444 394 220 394 520 250 722 722 722 667 722 778 722 500 500 500 500 500 500 444 444 444 444 444 278 278 278 278 556 500 500 500 500 500 556 556 556 556 500 400 500 500 500 350 540 556 747 747 1000 333 333 250 1000 778 250 570 250 250 500 556 250 250 250 250 250 300 330 250 722 500 500 333 570 250 500 250 250 500 500 1000 250 722 722 778 1000 722 500 1000 500 500 333 333 570 250 500 722 167 500 333 333 556 556 500 250 333 500 1000 722 667 722 667 667 389 389 389 389 778 778 250 778 722 722 722 278 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 ] /Encoding /MacRomanEncoding /BaseFont /TimesNewRomanPS-Bold /FontDescriptor 85 0 R >> endobj 87 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Widths [ 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 333 408 500 500 833 778 180 333 333 500 564 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 278 564 564 564 444 921 722 667 667 722 611 556 722 722 333 389 722 611 889 722 722 556 722 667 556 611 722 722 944 722 722 611 333 278 333 469 500 333 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444 480 200 480 541 250 722 722 667 611 722 722 722 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 278 278 278 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 400 500 500 500 350 453 500 760 760 980 333 333 250 889 722 250 564 250 250 500 500 250 250 250 250 250 276 310 250 667 500 444 333 564 250 500 250 250 500 500 1000 250 722 722 722 889 722 500 1000 444 444 333 333 564 250 500 722 167 500 333 333 556 556 500 250 333 444 1000 722 611 722 611 611 333 333 333 333 722 722 250 722 722 722 722 278 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 ] /Encoding /MacRomanEncoding /BaseFont /TimesNewRomanPS /FontDescriptor 84 0 R >> endobj 88 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Widths [ 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 333 420 500 500 833 778 214 333 333 500 675 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 333 333 675 675 675 500 920 611 611 667 722 611 611 722 722 333 444 667 556 833 667 722 611 722 611 500 556 722 611 833 611 556 556 389 278 389 422 500 333 500 500 444 500 444 278 500 500 278 278 444 278 722 500 500 500 500 389 389 278 500 444 667 444 444 389 400 275 400 541 250 611 611 667 611 667 722 722 500 500 500 500 500 500 444 444 444 444 444 278 278 278 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 400 500 500 500 350 523 500 760 760 980 333 333 250 889 722 250 675 250 250 500 500 250 250 250 250 250 276 310 250 667 500 500 389 675 250 500 250 250 500 500 889 250 611 611 722 944 667 500 889 556 556 333 333 675 250 444 556 167 500 333 333 500 500 500 250 333 556 1000 611 611 611 611 611 333 333 333 333 722 722 250 722 722 722 722 278 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 ] /Encoding /MacRomanEncoding /BaseFont /TimesNewRomanPS-Italic /FontDescriptor 83 0 R >> endobj 89 0 obj 1468 endobj 90 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 89 0 R >> stream

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