/ToUnicode 41 0 R Mostly focuses on measurable goals. >> In many traditional belief systems in Africa, mental health problems, bad luck, and sudden or mysterious deaths, are attributed to either the influence of ancestral spirits or bewitchment [19]. /Contents 114 0 R It offers different approaches to the world, because each perspective captures a differently valid approach, and defends a rational sense for language rather than just a representational one, because language has a high correlation with culture and the perception of reality. When viewed from the perspective that indigenous knowledge has cultural implications and that all counseling is influenced by the cultural context, it is safe to conclude that traditional counseling approaches are rooted in traditional systems of knowledge and sociocultural values, customs and practices; they are essentially community-based and multicultural in nature; and they are routinely offered within a culturally acceptable environment by the local people [28]. WebTherapists should offer online treatment and it has advantages and disadvantages. Convenient and secure online therapy from the comfort of your home, Psychiatric treatment from a licensed prescriber, Relationship-centered therapy that connects you and your partner, Specialized online therapy for ages 13-17. Investors Traditional medicine is shrouded in ritualistic observance and practice. /Parent 1 0 R Orphan child-headed families are an emerging phenomenon, and are progressively moving toward institutionalization, not only in Zambia, but in most African countries. The advantages and disadvantages of group therapy must be addressed on an individualized level for them to be effective. << By using certain forms of online therapy, clients can write, talk with or without video, communicate in real time or asynchronously and even send pictures. Our team is growing all the time, so were always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. Ritual ceremonies are an embodiment of the African cultural life, and a symbol of traditional values, beliefs, customs, and practices. 8 0 obj 9 0 obj /BaseFont /AALBCM+Sentinel-Book The implication of these observations is that traditional healers combine their practice of healing with adherence counseling through the provision of primary health care in both rural and urban communities. Multiculturalism is a concept that broadly acknowledges the importance of demographic variables, ethnographical status, social status, and sociocultural affiliations of the people in any human society worldwide. During the therapy session, youll be asked about what you hope to gain from the work youre doing. People have the ability to adapt and incorporate changes within their cultural identities. Depending on severity and complexity of the problem situation or social issue at hand, it may be referred to the village headman/woman, prior to referral to either the village committee or the zone committee. 32 0 obj 5 0 obj Culture refers to a general process of intellectual, spiritual, and esthetic development; a particular way of life, whether of a people, a period, or a group; or the works and practices of intellectual and artistic activity [12]. Traditional counseling involves a broad perspective that enhances learning for transformation and integration of sociocultural values that are peculiar to each human society. It could add an extra two hours or more to your day if there isnt a therapists office near your home or work. /Contents 107 0 R /Type /Page The primary function of rituals of socialization and transformation is consistent with the structural functionalist paradigm [21]. /Font << /Contents 42 0 R They are derived from socialization and culture, environmental influences, and education, among many other factors. First, you get to select from a bigger pool of From an African perspective, the origin of the universe, and of their ancestors as a people, is a mystery the reality of which was revealed at its genesis, through spirit mediums. These reflect the period, circumstance and cultural factors surrounding a particular generation or human society, which acts as a reference point. Ensures Confidentiality. This theoretical paradigm proposes that, in working with the individual client in any setting, it is necessary to understand how that client is embedded in his family and how the family is affected by being embedded in a pluralistic culture. From a conventional perspective, counseling is a process that involves a special type of helping relationship between a counselor and a client that is purposively interactive and ameliorative. /LastChar 169 *Address all correspondence to: hectorchiboola@yahoo.com. /Parent 1 0 R /Parent 1 0 R /Parent 1 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] The child can also be taken to a traditional healer or religious leader when he falls sick, where he is subjected to further rituals as part of the healing intervention. /Type /Page /Rotate 0 During the wedding ceremony, the ritual performances integrate traditional, religious, and cultural aspects whose focus is on emphasizing the oneness of the couple as a unitary entity, and as a vehicle for bearing children. /Type /Page >> The multicultural theory can adequately inform the theoretical framework of traditional counseling when an African perspective is integrated. /Rotate 0 Apparently, no particular worldview is right or wrong, good or bad, or superior to the other. The totemic character is inherent, and a symbolic figure to all the individuals of a given clan. /Contents 34 0 R It involves covert actions by people to cause misfortune. They are an integral dimension to the discourses surrounding the role and practice of traditional healers from the ancient past, for several centuries. Religious history reveals that human beings have defined their existence in consort with, or relation to, some supernatural, omniscient and omnipotent beings in the celestial realms. A cursory review of the literature suggests that the concept of traditional counseling is rooted in traditional systems of knowledge and sociocultural customs and practices, and it promotes a collective approach to problem identification, resolution, and management. 1 0 obj /Type /Page Being traditional does not mean static or unchangeable, but rather, in keeping with the original sense of the term, it means that the living experience of cultural customs and practices is handed down from one successive generation to another in perpetuity. You Can Express Yourself In Many Ways Text, Video, Audio and More. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] /Parent 1 0 R This is due to the fact that, people in societies continue to experience emotional or psychological distress and behavioural problems. Ideally, the technology becomes transparent, so it simply serves as a tool for communication, without requiring attention in and of itself. Because all sessions are conducted Brief introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch? /Resources 48 0 R /Type /Page 3 0 obj This is why most online therapists primarily work in an office and use online therapy to supplement their income. >> /Resources 68 0 R The performance of rituals ought to be viewed as an important cultural norm and traditional practice. There is no specific timeframe for individual sessions in traditional counseling, but the traditional counselor applies intuition to determine the most appropriate timing for each session, depending on prevailing circumstances and conditions in each case. /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Type /Page /Parent 1 0 R Counselling has been developed for over 200 years and continues to evolve to adapt to modern societies: people of all ages, gender, sexual status, religion, cultural backgrounds, have all dealt at some point in their lives some psychological and behavioural issues that may be /Resources 119 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] Traditional herbal remedies constitute yet another symbol of cultural heritage in African culture and society. Traditional counseling involves a broad perspective that enhances learning for transformation and social integration of cultural values, customs and practices that are peculiar to each human society. endobj endobj /Type /Page This process not only empowers young people with relevant attitudes and knowledge, but also enhances their social competences and skills to handle similar issues when they grow into adulthood as valuable members of the community. Children are advised on many aspects of social norms and moral conduct, including education on acceptable behavior, and collective responsibility in conformity with community life. /CapHeight 656 stream /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] 21 0 obj A rite is a principal act, or a set of rituals which are performed according to prescribed social rules and customs. Advice and guidance is given to the family or members of the local community when young people are being initiated at puberty, or prepared for marriage, when people are in bereavement, and when people attend traditional, religious, ritual, and social ceremonies. WebCounselling Therapeutic Approaches; Advantages and Disadvantages. It recognizes that all counseling relationships ultimately exist within a cultural context, and they are multicultural in nature. /Widths [ 178 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 361 361 500 500 214 366 214 500 558 448 545 523 554 514 532 521 532 532 218 500 500 500 500 500 500 672 628 675 704 657 500 500 772 384 500 717 606 500 767 500 609 500 677 572 670 734 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 483 526 472 535 476 334 469 556 300 500 522 284 839 568 512 539 500 405 433 350 551 494 752 500 489 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 787 ] This is the penultimate initiation ceremony, at puberty; the onset of adolescence. 39 0 obj endobj The interaction can be for one counseling session only, or can be for several sessions, spread over a period of time, depending on the scope of the problem and the nature of its representation. Expressive social behavior drives the actions of people through their lifespan, and behavior is one of the primary currencies used by natural selection. 31 0 obj Therapy for veterans << /Resources 100 0 R 12 0 obj >> The epicenter of these functions is mostly the church and community, and religious gatherings constitute a formidable social network that is perceived as desirable and relevant to peoples social life. In dealing with an individual client, or group of clients, the traditional counselor involves the family or community during the traditional counseling process. /Type /Page /Filter /FlateDecode /FontWeight 325 /Resources 43 0 R In some instances, the demon-possessed person becomes a spiritualist after undergoing successful ritualistic treatment at the hands of another experienced traditional healer. First, multiculturalism integrates a conception of the uniqueness of each culture, and its own constructed worldview based on a plurality of traditional values, customs and practices. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] Professional counselor means a person who practices counseling as defined in 54.1-3500.. Counseling means one or more consultations as The collective belief system is part of human culture, and beliefs are ideas that constitute an essential element in predicting the social behaviors of people. Each person must be invested in themselves for cognitive behavioral therapy to work. Press /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] >> Confidentiality is an essential element of individual counselling. /Rotate 0 /Parent 1 0 R << The basic assumption about ritualism is that it can be interpreted in many different ways and has variable functions. Its much easier to gain skills and keep them updated. Through counselling a patient gets to learn other peoples views on the issue and on life. That helps them to understand the thoughts and feelings that were troubling them and finally look at experiences (past or present) and life, in a different light. Unlike physical injuries it is very hard for a patient to realise if they are actually healing. /Contents 122 0 R The multicultural theory is integrative in orientation, it recognizes the existence of various worldviews, and each worldview is influenced by uniquely constructed sociocultural beliefs and norms. Talkspace for business This chapter discusses the theoretical perspective of traditional counseling from an African context. endobj The culture of people in any society is partly determined by their belief and value systems, which, in turn, influence the pattern of their social behaviors and actions. For instance, most Africans, in both rural and urban communities, especially relatively poor people who cannot afford the cost of modern medicine and transport costs to sparsely located health facilities, generally use traditional healers for their primary health care needs. Advantages Of counselling 1)At this stage counselling is done to know the problem in learning process. /Contents 105 0 R On the other end of the price spectrum, online therapy can be much lower for a week for unlimited communications. /Contents 103 0 R A general understanding to be drawn from the foregoing fundamental assumptions of multiculturalism can be explained twofold. /Rotate 0 It bears a symbolic value and importance. With online therapists who are not affiliated with a network, the process varies depending on the therapist and potential client. Counseling is, in many respects, an unusual area of study, in that it encompasses a set of strongly competing theoretical perspectives, a wide range of practical applications, and meaningful inputs from various social disciplines. << You can accept or decline them. These indigenous approaches to traditional counseling can be referred to as family counseling, and community counseling, respectively. /Parent 1 0 R This yields the notion of totems and rituals, ancestral religion and customs, and special shrines which serve as places of intimate personal memory and repositories of traditional knowledge, although ritual practices are much more diverse and fluid. It stresses the importance of multiple counseling roles developed by many culturally different human groups and societies. << endobj Situations that sometimes break the family apart, but Family counselling us a feasible option that can help build it back up again. << << /Parent 1 0 R 15 0 obj Depression test Marriage is a legally recognized union between a man and woman, in which they are united sexually, cooperate economically, interact socially, and live together productively, as a unified entity. /Resources 59 0 R This view is supported by Ampim [7], who states that, an elder is someone who is given the highest status in African culture, because she has lived a life of purpose, and there is nothing more respected than living a purposeful life [] she is a living model for the other groups in the society to emulate (p.2). How Long Does It Take for Zoloft to Work? endobj Society exists, and exerts credence, where people behave and interact with one another based on mutual recognition, acceptance, and respect, and culture plays a significant role in the sphere of social life, as it is central to the development of any human society [4]. 6 0 obj /Contents 47 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] endobj By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. /Rotate 0 4 0 obj Most people are motivated to contact traditional healers because of their perceived magical power and social influence. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] << << The culture of people in any human society is partly determined by their belief and value systems which influence the pattern of their social behaviors and actions. You dont need to change your schedule. Ritualism is a common feature in contemporary society; and many people practice rituals as part of their sociocultural norm or religious service, and a symbol of traditional heritage. /Type /Page /Resources 102 0 R A meta-theory is prescriptive and defines what is meaningful and meaningless, what is acceptable and unacceptable, what is good and bad, and what is central and peripheral to inquiry [27]. Depending on the scope of the problem, and its nature of representation, traditional counseling approaches promote the active involvement of the family and community in problem identification, resolution, and management. Because in-person psychotherapy has existed for more than a century, there are hundreds of institutions and methods of becoming skilled in practicing it. /Type /Page /Parent 1 0 R Saving Money Compared to Traditional Therapy. /Parent 1 0 R They know each other very well, they share many things in common, and the behavior of individuals is monitored and controlled by elderly and eminent people in each community. The institution of marriage represents the behaviors, norms, expectations, and values, that are associated with legally, socially, and culturally-recognized marriages between a woman and a man. Research & insights /Type /Page /Rotate 0 25 0 obj In contrast, every child has a mission to accomplish; a life goal that permeates through all the main stages of development, from childhood to adulthood. Advantages of Email Counselling and Online Therapy in General Emotional Memory Management: Positive Control Over Your Memory Pennebaker Inventory of Call +1 (800) 273-8255 or usethese resourcesto get immediate help. WebAdvantages of Counselling. 37 0 obj endobj Some people like the office environment and the act of setting aside a time and place for therapy. The confidentialityoffers the privacy, safety and comfort they want. /Type /Page 1. Marriage is a very important institution in almost all human societies worldwide; it has survived human existence as an instrument for social interaction, procreation and protection from extinction, and it can be a critical factor in achieving happiness throughout family life. >> >> Online therapy can be as easy as sending a text. hWiTjD,]$8%JDep`Q@ "(J@h"DA&@C!qE8_).=w:^:uog>O[+V8u RLsR>GksSPGcpow`>M$|;"r{tp`Pl_jFmm|;EQPll233Ri=RW9MfhLy|g-V. This is central to the expression of societal norms, values and practices. The word spirituality is sometimes used interchangeably with faith or religion. It can be viewed from a dimensional context: on one hand are traditional forms of counseling practiced from an Afrocentric perspective, and on the other, modern forms of counseling practiced from a Eurocentric perspective. Counsellors are not 30 0 obj There are many advantages to this approach. This view is in sharp contrast to the traditional view, which holds that young women at initiation are predominantly taught how to lie in bed with their future husbands in order to give them the greatest sexual satisfaction, how to behave as proper women, as married women, and mothers of families, and how to perform womens roles and responsibilities [21,23]. endobj /ExtGState << This observation permeates through modernity, and it is an expressed social behavior of many traditionalists in most African countries. The term culture is novel and broad. What are the advantages of guidance and Counselling? They might not be willing to adjust to online therapy. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] 16 0 obj Good Option for Remote Areas. /Resources 84 0 R WebTraditional counselling applies indigenous forms of helping people experiencing various problem situations, and those that wish to make a transitional commitment, such as initiation at puberty, or marriage, or are aggrieved through loss of a beloved one, due to /Rotate 0 Alexa skill, Blog /Contents 99 0 R Based on this understanding, it is manifest that rituals are part of the cultural life of people, and ritual performance is a normal traditional custom and practice in most human societies worldwide.